Jessica Liang,  California USA

 

梁敏芬，旅美艺术家

 

現代藝術的範圍很廣泛，用來指從19世紀末期到大約1970年代大部份的藝術作品。藝術的目的在於寫實地再現某個主體，然而攝影的發明讓藝術的寫實功能相形見絀，於是就出現了新的藝術路線。藝術家開始實驗各種觀看的方式、材料、觀點等等，而通常作品都變得越來越抽象。

 

現代藝術最先是版畫，然後擴展到雕塑和建築。19世紀末期，出現以巴黎為中心的印象派，以及最初從德國開始的表現主義。現代藝術受到的影響來自很多方面：比如接觸到東方的裝飾性藝術，尤其是日本版畫；包括在顏色上的創新；艺术家纷纷跳脫理想化與精確描述的藝術观，是一种个人主义的飞跃進步和前衛意识的解放，印象派成为最流行的普世價值。

 

印象派畫家說人們並沒有看到物體，而是看到那些物體反射出的光，因此畫家必須在自然的光線下而非在畫室中作畫，並且捕捉那些光線帶來的效果。1901年-1906年，在法國巴黎，梵谷、高更和塞尚的作品，首次大規模公開展覽，20世紀初又興起了野獸派、立體主義、表現主義和未來主義。

 

第一次世界大戰造成了這一階段的終止，不過也因此開始了一些反戰運動，比如達達主義和马塞尔·杜尚的作品以及超現實主義。隨著第一次世界大戰移民到美國的歐洲藝術家，現代藝術被介紹到了美國。第二次世界大戰結束以後，美國才逐渐成為新興藝術運動的重要指标地。1950年代和1960年代出現的藝術運動有抽象表現主義、普普藝術、歐普藝術和極簡主義；1960年代和1970年代則出現了地景藝術、表演藝術、觀念藝術和照相寫實主義。

 

Modern art includes artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the style and philosophyof the art produced during that era.[1] The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation.[2] Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the narrative, which was characteristic for the traditional arts, toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called Contemporary art or Postmodern art.

Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrecall of whom were essential for the development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubist Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy and Maurice de Vlaminck revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild", multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism. Henri Matisse's two versions of The Dance signified a key point in his career and in the development of modern painting.[3] It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with primitive art: the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation andhedonism.

Initially influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin and other late 19th century innovators Pablo Picasso made his first cubist paintings based on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: cube, sphere and cone. With the painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon(1907), Picasso dramatically created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his own new Cubist inventions. Analytic cubism was jointly developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, exemplified by Violin and Candlestick, Paris, from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism, the first clear manifestation of cubism, was followed by Synthetic cubism, practised by Braque, Picasso, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Albert Gleizes, Marcel Duchamp and several other artists into the 1920s. Synthetic cubism is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large variety of merged subject matter.[citation needed]

The notion of modern art is closely related to Modernism.

 

*  I'm from Shanghai, my major in university is Business Ecnomics.  Due to coincidential opportunity I learned Chinese painting and still life from the famous contemporary artist Professor Wang,  Xiangmin.

 

*  After I moved to the United States, I began a four-year study of Western Art at  Mt. Sac Antonio College including life drawing, figure drawing, sculpture, printmaking, acrylic painting and illustration.

 

*  Art is a song, every note beating the symphony of love, mother nature is my first and best teacher.

 

我来自上海，大学学的是国际金融贸易， 因机缘巧合早年师从于中国著名当代艺术家王向民教授，学习素描和国画。来美生活后，在美国圣安东尼学院学习了4年的正统西方美术， 包括素描，雕塑，版画，油画和广告设计。艺术就像一首歌， 每个音符都跳动着生命升华的交响乐，大自然就是我终生膜拜的老师。